东亚钳蝎抑制型神经毒素基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及活性鉴定

基因BmKIT3R 是根据东亚钳蝎 (ButhusmartensiiKarsch)抑制型神经毒素基因BmKIT3 优化而得的 .将优化过的蝎毒素基因BmKIT3R 通过Bac to Bac操作技术 ,使重组杆状病毒基因组DNA转染到草地粘虫sf2 1细胞中对IT3R 基因进行表达 ,经SDS PAGE检测在 8.7× 10 3 处有一表达条带 .表达产物经生物鉴定 ,证明具有很高的活性 ,它对昆虫具有非常明显的致死作用 .图 3参 5     

九孔鲍摄食江蓠与人工配合饵料的能量收支比较

通过投喂江蓠 (Gracilariaceaelicheniodes)和配合饵料对九孔鲍 (Haliotisdiversicoloraquatilis)的能量收支进行了比较研究 .结果表明 :两种饲料组的九孔鲍耗氧率在昼夜之间均并没有明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,九孔鲍摄食两种饵料的吸收率也没有显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而饵料系数、蛋白质效率、总生长效率则有显著的差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) .配合饵料组的排泄能显著高于江篱组的 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而代谢能和粘液能却显著低于江篱组的 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组饲料的排粪能和壳能没有显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) .因壳能很少 ,在测定中可以忽略 .配合饵料组的软体部生长能显著高于江篱组的 (P <0 .0 5 ) .摄食江蓠和配合饵料的九孔鲍能量收支方程分别为 :江蓠组10 0C =(12 .76± 1.2 2 )F (76 .4 7± 5 .33)R (2 .74± 0 .4 0 )U (6 .75± 0 .4 6 )M (2 .78± 0 .4 8)Pg (0 .0 3±0 .0 1)Psh- (1.5 3± 4 .19)配合饵料组10 0C =(12 .15± 1.6 9)F (5 4 .94± 5 .10 )R (4.5 0± 0 .70 )U (3.99± 0 .0 7)M (2 9.79± 4 .77)Pg (0 .0 3±0 .0 1)Psh- (5 .4 0± 7.4 3)     

Prenatal detection of trisomy 21 in uncultured amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization: A prospective study

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of trisomy 21 in interphase nuclei of uncultured amniotic fluid cells. Five hundred cases were analysed in situ and classified as normal or abnormal; the results were subsequently checked against the cytogenetic findings. Four hundred and ninety-three were correctly identified as normal with an 86·6 per cent average frequency of scored nuclei exhibiting two signals; six cases were correctly identified as trisomic for chromosome 21 with 81·7 per cent of scored nuclei exhibiting three signals; and one abnormal case involving an unbalanced chromosome 21·21 translocation was falsely scored as normal due to poor hybridization/detection efficiency. The method has been substantially improved and simplified so that it is suitable for the rapid detection of trisomy 21. As aneuploidy detection in interphase does not identify structural chromosome aberrations, it is not a substitute for fetal chromosome analysis.     

潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾风险分析及避难转移安置研究

以潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾避难转移安置为研究对象,利用Mike21技术,建立潖江蓄滞洪区洪水演进数值模型,模拟北江遭遇300年一遇洪水时,在潖江口泄洪,潖江蓄滞洪区内洪水演进,分析潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾风险.通过实地调查,结合历史洪水情况,利用潖江蓄滞洪区DEM数据、Google地图及最快避难转移安置时间分析法,详细设计了潖江蓄滞洪区内各行政村落遭遇洪灾时避难转移与人员安置,为潖江蓄滞洪区启用预案科学编制及防洪减灾提供科学依据.     

妫水河湿地植物作用及调水水质响应模拟

本文基于湿地植物在河流湖泊中的物理、生化反应机制,应用MIKE21中EcoLab的编辑功能,建立湿地植物的水质模块,将植物的阻流、产氧、耗氧及微生物和植物吸收营养盐过程参与计算中,耦合湿地水动力实现水质模拟.在对妫水河表流湿地调研及监测基础上,建立妫水河下游与三里河的模型,考虑湿地植物类型、分布及水量变化下的植物有效面积等作用,定量研究工程尺度上河流湿地水动力及水质净化效果.计算中采用实测数据率定湿地植物对水质作用的关键参数,并对模拟结果进行验证.通过模拟,无循环系统对支流三里河及上游调水时,岸带湿地建设后相比建设前,下游出口处氨氮、磷酸盐和总氮的浓度下降了14.29%、 33.33%和20.00%;循环系统运行后,三里河和妫水河上游流量分别增加0.4 m~3·s~(-1),使得部分河段水位抬升,断面平均流速略有增加,三里河和妫水河的有效湿地覆盖率分别增加了144.44%和13.16%,出水口处水质与工程前相比,氨氮、磷酸盐和总氮分别下降了35.71%、 50.00%和46.67%,循环体系的建设加强了湿地净化功能.模型有机地将湿地植物分布融合进模型水质计算中,为河湖湿地生态修复、方案设计和水利调控等综合措施下的水质响应研究提供了模型方法和技术支撑.     

基于MIKE 21的汾河水库挟沙水流水质数值模拟研究

为了揭示悬浮泥沙(SSC)对水库水质的影响规律,对汾河水库进行样品收集和长期水质监测,采用水动力模型与泥沙转移和富营养化模型相结合的方法,将这三者关联耦合,并通过实测数据对模型进行参数率定和验证,分析含沙水和不含沙水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)、溶解氧(DO)四项指标,得出两者对水质造成的影响。结果表明:SSC对TN、TP的去除作用明显,对Chla、DO浓度分布影响较小,并计算了污染物的释放量以及贡献率,得出TP的负荷仅为16.47t,而贡献率高达25.25%。因此在汾河的污染控制方面应侧重削减磷,进而改善汾河地区的污染现状。     

环境安全：21世纪人类面临的根本问题

本文从人类社会的可持续进步和国家的可持续发展两个层面,深层次地分析了环境安全问题的不可替代的重要性,并从理论和实践两个方面得出：第一,我国应将环境安全的保证能力作为综合国力的重要组成部分;第二,应将环境安全观作为指导我国21世纪两大战略-加入WTO和西部大开发的重要方针。     

不同植被覆盖情景下景观水体水质改善效果模拟研究

再生水作为城市景观水体生态补水的主要水源,能够改善城市景观水体水污染状况,但水体内较高的氮磷物质易造成水体富营养化爆发水华现象,因此,研究水生植物群落对景观水体水质及水生态系统健康的维持意义重大.镜河是以再生水为补水水源的新建景观河道,为提升水环境质量,以流场、COD、氨氮及硝态氮为指标,应用MIKE 21和ECO L...     

Scaling range sizes to threats for robust predictions of risks to biodiversity

Assessments of risk to biodiversity often rely on spatial distributions of species and ecosystems. Range‐size metrics used extensively in these assessments, such as area of occupancy (AOO), are sensitive to measurement scale, prompting proposals to measure them at finer scales or at different scales based on the shape of the distribution or ecological characteristics of the biota. Despite its dominant role in red‐list assessments for decades, appropriate spatial scales of AOO for predicting risks of species’ extinction or ecosystem collapse remain untested and contentious. There are no quantitative evaluations of the scale‐sensitivity of AOO as a predictor of risks, the relationship between optimal AOO scale and threat scale, or the effect of grid uncertainty. We used stochastic simulation models to explore risks to ecosystems and species with clustered, dispersed, and linear distribution patterns subject to regimes of threat events with different frequency and spatial extent. Area of occupancy was an accurate predictor of risk (0.81<|r|<0.98) and performed optimally when measured with grid cells 0.1–1.0 times the largest plausible area threatened by an event. Contrary to previous assertions, estimates of AOO at these relatively coarse scales were better predictors of risk than finer‐scale estimates of AOO (e.g., when measurement cells are <1% of the area of the largest threat). The optimal scale depended on the spatial scales of threats more than the shape or size of biotic distributions. Although we found appreciable potential for grid‐measurement errors, current IUCN guidelines for estimating AOO neutralize geometric uncertainty and incorporate effective scaling procedures for assessing risks posed by landscape‐scale threats to species and ecosystems.     

《中国21世纪议程》:我国实施可持续发展战略的纲领

本文简要介绍了编制《中国21世纪议程》的背景及今后实施《中国21世纪议程》的主要构想。